Cold injuries are most likely to occur when an unprepared individual is exposed to winter temperatures. The cold weather and the type of combat operation in which the individual is involved impact on whether he or she is likely to be injured and to what extent. Clothing, physical condition, and mental makeup also are determining factors. However, cold injuries can usually be prevented. Well-disciplined and well-trained individuals can be protected even in the most adverse circumstances. The extent of the cold injury depends upon duration of exposure and adequacy of protection. Individuals with a history of cold injury are more likely to suffer cold injuries. The body parts most easily affected by cold are the cheeks, nose, ears, chin, forehead, wrists, hands, and feet. Proper treatment and management depend upon accurate diagnosis.